The Art Market Is Tanking. Sotheby’s Has Even Bigger Problems. | Kanebridge News
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The Art Market Is Tanking. Sotheby’s Has Even Bigger Problems.

The auction house, owned by highly leveraged billionaire Patrick Drahi, is pushing off payments, awaiting a financial lifeline from an Abu Dhabi fund

By KELLY CROW
Fri, Sep 27, 2024Grey Clock 10 min

The art market is grinding through a rough patch, and no one is feeling the pain more than Sotheby’s.

The sales downturn, driven in part by China’s economic slowdown, wars and volatile U.S. elections, has hit at a crunchtime for the auction house’s highly leveraged billionaire owner, Patrick Drahi , who is fighting fires amid restructuring in his broader telecom empire, Altice .

Sotheby’s had been riding a rollicking art market wave in recent years, bringing in at least $7 billion in sales annually and setting record-level prices for trophies by Gustav Klimt and René Magritte.

Now, amid signs cash is running low, it is pushing off payments to its art shippers and conservators by as much as six months. Several former and current employees said Sotheby’s this spring gave senior staffers IOUs instead of their incentive pay. And at a meeting this month of higher-ranking executives, some executives expressed worries about whether the company would be able to keep paying its employees on time, according to a person familiar with the discussion.

Drahi has at the same time been under pressure to slash the crushing debt of roughly $60 billion at Altice. The conglomerate’s French arm is now going through restructuring talks with creditors, with the U.S. arm expected to enter restructuring talks later. Some Wall Street analysts had hoped Drahi might sell part of Sotheby’s to help bolster Altice.

Sotheby’s itself carries $1.8 billion in debt, almost double the level it had before the Franco-Israeli billionaire purchased it in 2019. The value of its bonds swooned in the first half of the year as investors worried that declining sales and higher interest rates would choke off the company’s cash flow.

The auction house received a lifeline with a $1 billion deal to sell a stake to Abu Dhabi sovereign-wealth fund ADQ , announced Aug. 9 but not expected to close until later this year. At the time, Drahi said he would contribute an undisclosed amount as part of the deal.

As it awaits the funds, Sotheby’s is toeing a high-wire act with an uncertain outcome.

Charles Stewart , Sotheby’s chief executive, dismissed fears about Sotheby’s financial standing as overblown, and the company disputed the meeting with higher-ranking executives occurred. Stewart said the company’s bonds, which have rebounded in price since the ADQ rescue was announced, are proof that Sotheby’s has smoothed over any worries. He said the ADQ investment will position the house for growth moving forward. “It’s a massive credit positive,” he said.

A Sotheby’s spokeswoman said: “Under Mr. Drahi’s ownership, Sotheby’s is significantly larger, more diversified and more profitable than ever before. During this period, we have invested hundreds of millions to enhance our facilities, technology and expand our offerings to clients.”

ADQ declined to comment.

The crisis at Sotheby’s comes at a time when the entire art market is reeling . Over the past year, collectors who see art as a financial asset have winced as higher interest rates and inflation made it more expensive to trade art. Contemporary art buyers have also suffered sticker shock after years of paying ever-higher prices for emerging artists—who may never pay off. Some smaller galleries, who rely on collectors to vouch for unknown artists, have shuttered, while dealers have reported lacklustre sales at art fairs.

Those factors have hurt collectors’ overall confidence. “I don’t feel like there’s a bunch of collectors waiting out there to save the day this time,” said Dallas collector Howard Rachofsky.

Growing debt load

Drahi, 61 years old, is famous for taking on a mountain of debt to build telecommunications empire Altice, which operates in the U.S. and Europe. He borrowed from Wall Street when interest rates were low, but now that rates have risen sharply, he has started selling off chunks of his companies to lower his debt burden. Last month, his Altice UK sold a 24.5% stake in its BT Group to the Indian international investment arm of Bharti Enterprises in a deal valued at roughly $4 billion.

Drahi used a similar high-debt strategy to buy Sotheby’s in 2019 for $2.7 billion. Drahi issued $1.1 billion in new bonds and loans to finance the deal, and separately also assumed some portion of Sotheby’s existing $1 billion debt.

He has since spent lavishly, including signing a deal to pay at least $100 million for New York’s Breuer building, a Madison Avenue showpiece once home to the Whitney Museum of American Art and temporarily used by both the Metropolitan Museum of Art and Frick Collection. The company is planning to move in at the end of next year and to lease out part of its current glassy headquarters closer to the East River in Manhattan. Sotheby’s has spent tens of millions more to renovate new luxury-retail-style spaces in Paris and Hong Kong.

Drahi also expanded Sotheby’s ability to auction multimillion-dollar homes by buying a chunk of real-estate seller Concierge, and added RM Sotheby’s, an entity that sells high-end cars.

At the same time, the owner has pulled funds out of the company via dividends. In total since the purchase, Sotheby’s has paid out $1.2 billion of dividends to a parent company controlled by Drahi, according to New Street Research.

The ballooning debt didn’t draw much attention during flush years when an influx of newly wealthy collectors from across China, Russia, the Middle East and even the world of cryptocurrency were clamouring after Sotheby’s offerings.

That changed when the market cooled. Sotheby’s told its bondholders the auction portion of the business had a loss of $115 million in the first half of the year, compared to a $3 million profit in the first half of 2023, according to a copy of Sotheby’s unaudited financials for the first half of the year reviewed by The Wall Street Journal.

Rival Christie’s, owned by luxury magnate François Pinault , has also taken a hit, with its auction sales dropping nearly a quarter during the first half of the year.

Sotheby’s adjusted operating free cash flow fell to $144 million in the 12 months ended June 30, a 43% decline from the same time last year, according to data from New Street Research. The figure measures whether a company is making enough money to pay its bills and turn a profit.

Credit rating firm Moody’s Investors Service in February knocked down the ratings for Sotheby’s bonds to B3, one of its lowest categories of junk debt, specifically citing the dividends paid out. “The downgrade also reflects governance considerations, particularly the company’s decision to continue dividend payments out of its credit group in 2023 despite its operating performance deterioration,” Moody’s said in its decision. S&P downgraded the debt into deep junk territory in June.

Stewart said the company’s credit rating has been lower since the Drahi purchase. He said its updates to bondholders revolve around its auction performance only and don’t include fees from the company’s real-estate holdings or financial-services arm, which Stewart said remain in the black. He declined to divulge the company’s full financial figures.

Stewart also said the dividends remain in the Sotheby’s ecosystem and aren’t being redirected to shore up Drahi or his other businesses.

Drahi’s arrival

Sotheby’s was flush with cash but lagging behind Christie’s in 2018 when Tad Smith, the auction house’s then-CEO, suggested to his board that it find a buyer. The company had been public for three decades, but Smith believed the demands for public shareholder returns hampered its ability to go toe-to-toe with the bigger and privately held Christie’s.

In early 2019, the board let Smith make overtures to prospective buyers, including an entity connected to Abu Dhabi’s royal family that expressed interest, according to a person familiar with the negotiations. Drahi moved more quickly and emerged as the winner.

At first, the art establishment didn’t know much about Drahi. The self-made billionaire was born in Morocco, educated in France and has homes in Switzerland and Israel. He was familiar to Sotheby’s staffers in their Tel Aviv office but wasn’t widely known in art circles.

At the time, he was a traditional collector of 19th- and 20th-century artists rather than trendier, contemporary ones, owning pieces by Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse and Marc Chagall. But he didn’t sit on major museum boards or pop up regularly on the art-fair circuit.

The Sotheby’s purchase marked Drahi’s first foray into luxury. The art world wondered if he would manage a house that started off auctioning books in London in 1744 the same way he ran his broadband communications companies, where he was known for aggressively cutting costs and using debt to fuel ambitious expansions.

Drahi told Sotheby’s he saw the company as an investment for his family, regularly dismissing rumors he was teeing up Sotheby’s to be resold. In 2021, Sotheby’s promoted his son Nathan, then 26, to run Sotheby’s operations in Asia, a key market.

As part of the sale, Sotheby’s divided its various endeavors—such as its real-estate arm and its financial services arm, which lends against people’s art collections—into affiliated but separate entities from the main unit, which handles Sotheby’s auctions and private art sales.

Stewart said Drahi’s move was intended to keep each division nimble.

The art-world ecosystem noticed Drahi’s arrival in other ways. Soon after the sale, a network of smaller companies that auction houses typically enlist to conserve, frame, crate and ship its art around the world said they got word that the house would be lengthening its pay schedules, from a typical month to two or more. One conservator said payments started to arrive six months after a job was completed.

Sotheby’s also started paying sellers more slowly than its rivals. In the past, both Sotheby’s and Christie’s asked winning bidders to pay for their pieces within 30 business days of a sale, and then paid sellers five days later. Sotheby’s changed its contracts to allow it to pay sellers 15 days later, according to sellers familiar with the house’s contracts. The move allowed the house to hold the funds in its coffers longer.

Sotheby’s said its processing deadlines have been in place for many years to allow the company to adequately process payments.

Pay for top talent

When the pandemic hit, Drahi and his management team reoriented the company to sell art online, a pivot Sotheby’s is credited with embracing faster than its rivals.

Sotheby’s also started laying off staff during the lockdown, and continued to do so after the pandemic. When the ever-swirling calendar of fairs and museum openings and biennials got under way again, advisers including Philip Hoffman of the Fine Art Group said they noticed fewer Sotheby’s staffers turned up. The company would send one or two rainmakers, not a whole team.

Stewart confirmed the pandemic-related staff cuts “like many other companies” and winnowed travel were meant to make the company more efficient, though he said it remains “mission critical” to put its top specialists in front of collectors.

Drahi needed Sotheby’s key dealmakers to remain in place. High-end art deals at auction houses are wrangled primarily by a handful of executives and specialists able to cultivate an air-kiss closeness with collectors. They also must be able to discern a fake Picasso from a real one, and price it to sell well in good markets and bad.

In 2021, Drahi revised the incentive pay program for these top performers. In exchange for accepting an immediate pay cut of up to 20%, employees were told they could expect a cash payout in three years based on the company’s performance and representing up to half of their total compensation.

Some powerful executives still left, dealing a blow to the auction house. Patti Wong , Sotheby’s former international chairman for Asia, now works as a private adviser, and Brooke Lampley , its former global chairman of fine art, is now a senior director at the blue-chip gallery Gagosian.

When the delayed payout came due, staff were told in conference calls—some say last fall and others say in March—that it needed to be postponed; enrollees were issued promissory notes this spring instead, according to several former and current specialists. Specialists said they now are hoping to get paid by year’s end with a portion of the Abu Dhabi funds.

The company disputed the description of the incentive program but declined to give further details.

New fees for sellers

In February, Sotheby’s shocked the art world when it fundamentally restructured the way it collects fees for works that it auctions.

Both Sotheby’s and Christie’s, in efforts to bring sellers to their doors, often waived their fees. They even shared with sellers increasingly fatter slices of the fees they charge buyers—which can add up to roughly 27% to a work’s winning price.

At the same time, buyers have bristled over the fees they pay. Rachofsky, the Dallas collector, said he has long agitated that “auction fees are unsustainably high.”

Sotheby’s new fee plan, which went live in late May, now charges buyers a flat 20% for anything it sells for $6 million or less, and 10% for anything it sells for more. For sellers, Sotheby’s charges a fee of 10% on the first $500,000 of anything it sells for $5 million or less. Terms for larger deals continue to be negotiated.

Christie’s and smaller house Phillips said they also charge an undisclosed seller’s commission, but their fee is negotiable.

Stewart said the goal is to create a system that is “simpler and fairer.”

It’s too soon to tell if Sotheby’s new fee structure will help or hamper its effort to win consignments. Sotheby’s has landed the prized estate of the season, an estimated $200 million collection amassed by Palm Beach beauty mogul Sydell Miller that includes a Claude Monet water lily scene estimated to sell for $60 million. The collection will headline the November sales.

Art adviser Anthony Grant said one of his collectors reasons that Sotheby’s might hustle harder to find bidders for each work now that they’re charging sellers a fee to do so. But Grant said he worries the change could also steer sellers of midmarket pieces to other houses who may not charge them extra for anything.

“It’s one more thing that’s gotten harder for them,” he said of Sotheby’s, where he once worked.

Asia is expected to play a crucial role in Sotheby’s prospects. In recent years, newly wealthy bidders in Asia—spanning mainland China to Seoul to Singapore—have been relied upon to mop up art at the highest levels even when collectors elsewhere held back. Now, China’s economy has slowed, sparking fears about its buyers’ willingness to splurge on blue-chip art.

Instead of scaling back, the major auction houses are all doubling down on the region. Sotheby’s and Christie’s both just opened luxurious new spaces in Hong Kong. Sotheby’s Maison space in Hong Kong’s Central neighborhood, opened in late July, said it has already had 300,000 visitors.

This month, on the eve of what was supposed to be its inaugural fall sale series in Hong Kong, the house announced it was pushing back these sales to November. Advisers who work in the region said the move left the impression that the house had failed to gather enough marquee material.

Sotheby’s said the calendar shift gives it more time to organise shows and a sale lineup, and said the delay wasn’t because the art was too tough to source. It cited its plan to sell an estimated $30 million Mark Rothko from 1954, “Untitled (Yellow and Blue),” in Hong Kong later this year.

Collector and dealer Hong Gyu Shin initially consigned an Oscar Wilde manuscript of “The Picture of Dorian Gray” to Sotheby’s to offer in its Hong Kong sales, he said, but he later changed his mind. He said he wanted the auction house to revel in the piece, which contains Wilde’s own handwritten edits, and he wanted to brainstorm the best way to position it to buyers. Instead, there was little conversation after the paperwork was signed.

“Specialists used to be so excited,” he said, “but now they just slap an estimate on it. When you have historical work, it’s a form of art to sell it.”



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Egypt’s net international reserves rise by $5.9bln in 9M 2026

Egypt’s net international reserves rose by $5.9bn in the first nine months of 2026, reaching $57.35bn in September, supported by stronger foreign currency inflows and banking sector assets.

Mon, Oct 12, 2026 3 min

The Central Bank of Egypt (CBE) has revealed that its net international reserves increased by $5.896bn during the first nine months of 2026, reaching $57.348bn in September, compared with $51.452bn in December 2025.

According to renowned banking expert Mohamed Abdel Aal, Egypt’s foreign exchange reserves comprise a diversified basket of major international currencies, including the US dollar, euro, pound sterling, Japanese yen, and Chinese yuan. These currencies are allocated in line with the CBE’s strategy for managing liquidity and maintaining a balance between exchange rates and stability in global markets.

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Although this monthly increase may appear modest in numerical terms, Abdel Aal said a closer examination reveals implications that extend beyond the size of reserves to their quality.

He stressed that the strength of the Egyptian economy’s external position no longer depends solely on the level of reserves, but is increasingly supported by an integrated set of positive indicators.

He explained that improvements in funding sources reflect a structural development in the Egyptian economy’s external position, which international institutions and credit rating agencies monitor as a more accurate measure of economic resilience and the ability to absorb shocks.

Mohamed Abdel Aal

In August 2026, the banking sector’s net foreign assets rose to $31.2bn, their highest level since January 2020, supported by an increase in commercial banks’ net foreign assets to $12.4bn, alongside a rise in the CBE’s net foreign assets to $18.8bn.

According to Abdel Aal, these divs carry significant implications, indicating that the improvement in international reserves is no longer confined to the CBE’s balance sheet, but is also supported by the banking system as a whole, with foreign assets exceeding external liabilities, making the improvement more sustainable.

He added that the recovery was not limited to banking assets, but extended to actual sources of foreign currency.

Remittances from Egyptians working abroad recorded notable growth of 28.1% during the first seven months of 2026, reaching $29.7bn, compared with $23.2bn during the same period last year.

At the same time, the tourism sector maintained its performance, generating revenues of $12bn during the first eight months of the year, an increase of approximately 1.7%.

In foreign trade, Egyptian exports continued to grow, reaching $31.9bn during the first seven months of 2026, exceeding the $29.9bn recorded during the corresponding period last year.

Suez Canal revenues also recorded a noticeable improvement in the second quarter of the year, reaching $1.26bn, compared with around $1.1bn in the first quarter, representing growth of 13%.

Abdel Aal said the continued accumulation of reserves over 49 consecutive months represents more than a financial div. It constitutes a cumulative line of defence that strengthens the economy’s ability to withstand financial and geopolitical shocks and fluctuations in energy markets, gives monetary policymakers greater flexibility, and reinforces the confidence of international institutions.

He noted that a particularly striking development was the growth in reserves despite a decline in the dollar value of their gold component, which stood at $17.46bn in September 2026, down by $1.6bn as global gold prices fell by more than $270 per ounce.

However, the increase in the liquid foreign-currency component fully offset this decline, highlighting the flexibility of the reserve composition as an additional strength in managing the reserve portfolio.

Addressing recurring questions about the adequacy of reserves, Abdel Aal said the modern professional approach goes beyond identifying a safe level of reserves to determining the optimal level, assessed according to import coverage, short-term external debt, and the nature of capital flows.

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Abdel Aal stressed that foreign exchange reserves are more than divs recorded on the Central Bank’s books. They serve as a safety valve that is reshaping market confidence in the Egyptian economy.

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How Families Can Beat 7% Mortgage Rates and Lower Their Tax Bills

Strong family financial planning can help reduce taxes and support younger generations. From intrafamily loans and asset gifts to inheritance disclaimers, strategic cooperation can create meaningful financial benefits—when families have the trust and structure to make it work.

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Happy is the family whose members—parents, grandparents and grown children—trust each other enough to cooperate on shared goals, especially financial ones. When that is truly the case, Uncle Sam’s tax rules can help as well.

This matters especially now that mortgage rates are above 7%, and many families are looking for ways to help younger members. If the elders have resources and are confident younger ones can cooperate, a family loan could make homeownership possible while providing the elders with a useful income stream.

Other strategies can actually lower taxes, such as when funding 529 plans or Roth IRAs, or when someone inherits a traditional IRA with required withdrawals larger than they will need.

Here are three strategies useful for functional families.

Intrafamily loans

It is perfectly legal for families to lend money to a relative for a down payment or even a private mortgage.

But it is important not to cut corners, says Ryan McKeown, a CPA with Modern Wealth Enhancement in Minnesota. If the loan is for a down payment, be honest with the mortgage provider and have a formal agreement. The lender owes tax on the interest payments received.

If the loan is for a private mortgage, both sides should have legal representation with a formal written agreement, including payment terms. The lender owes tax on the interest, and the borrower often can deduct it if he or she itemizes.

To avoid IRS trouble, the interest rate shouldn’t be lower than the agency’s Applicable Federal Rate at the time of the loan. Currently that is about 5% for loans longer than nine years; about 4.5% for loans three to nine years; and about 4% for loans three years or less. Currently, traditional mortgage rates are generally above 7%.

In addition, the lender could use the $19,000 annual gift-tax exemption (described below) to forgive some or all of the interest or principal annually. If both lenders and borrowers are married, that is up to $76,000 a year. There is no tax for the borrower on such forgiveness, because it is from a gift.

If you’re going this route, McKeown advises against having a fixed plan to forgive the debt. Instead, do it in one-off letters specifying the amount—and keep careful records. Otherwise the IRS might try to treat the loan as a taxable gift.

Asset gifts

Powerful tax-saving moves for families often use gift-tax provisions. Under current law, anyone can give anyone else up to $19,000 of assets annually, free of gift tax. That means a married couple with three grandchildren could give them a total of $114,000 in 2026.

The gifts can be cash or other assets, like stock. For noncash gifts, the cost basis—which is the starting point for measuring taxable gain after a sale—“carries over” to the recipient. So if someone buys $1,000 of stock and gives it away when it is worth $5,000, the recipient’s cost basis is $1,000. If the recipient later sells the shares for $8,000, the taxable gain is $7,000.

Here’s an example showing how gifts could save a family taxes. Grandma is a widow of modest means, while her child and spouse have prospered. The couple has two children, and they want to contribute $5,000 to a 529 college-savings plan for each—but they need to sell stock to do it. Their tax rate on the sale would be 18.8%, and they would need to sell about $11,000 of stock.

However, Grandma’s federal tax rate on the stock sale is 0%. If the couple gives $10,000 of shares to Grandma, she could sell them, pay no tax, and fund the grandchildren’s 529 plans. This saves about $1,000 of tax.

These moves are legal, and they could be used in other ways, such as to help a young person fund a Roth IRA.

But trust among family members is essential: Under the law, givers can’t put conditions on a gift. Grandma could use her stock proceeds to take a cruise, but she makes 529 contributions instead.

Mark Sellner, a retired tax attorney and CPA living in Sarasota, Fla., uses this strategy. His children sell stock he gives them and fund 529 plans for his grandchildren.

The family’s tax savings aren’t huge, but he likes other benefits. The sales by his children don’t boost his adjusted gross income, which in turn could raise his Medicare Irmaa premiums or his 3.8% surtax on net investment income.

Sellner doesn’t worry about his children using the funds for another purpose.

“There can’t be any strings attached to gifts. Of course, it is up to us to decide whether to make them in the future,” he says.

Two caveats: The “kiddie tax” applies to most children under age 24, and it is levied at the parents’ rate on investment income above $2,700 in 2026. Consider this before making gifts to a young person.

Investors who give away stock also forgo the step-up, an important provision that exempts assets held at death from capital-gains tax.

Sellner knows he’s losing a step-up, but says, “The children could use a little more now. Why should they wait 20 years to get it?”

Disclaimers

A disclaimer is a highly useful strategy in which one heir renounces an inheritance in favor of another heir. Assuming family members cooperate, this can save taxes.

Here’s one example. Dad died and had a large traditional IRA that he left to Mom. She has enough assets and income to cover her expenses, and she lives in a state with a stiff estate tax. The inherited IRA would put her estate over the threshold.

Also surviving are three young-adult children. If Mom disclaims all or part of Dad’s IRA within nine months of his death, that amount could go directly to the children. They will have 10 years to empty the account, and the family as a whole will likely save estate and income taxes.

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The UAE’s outward FDI reached $63.353 billion in 2025, strengthening its position as a major global investor. UAE capital now spans six continents, covering sectors from energy and infrastructure to technology, AI, logistics, real estate and healthcare.

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The UAE has consolidated its position as a major international investor, building a broad and diversified portfolio spanning six continents and strategic sectors including energy, infrastructure, ports and logistics, technology, artificial intelligence, industry, real estate, financial services and healthcare.

According to the latest data from UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), outward foreign direct investment (FDI) flows from the UAE reached US$63.353 billion in 2025, while the country’s outward FDI stock stood at US$402.729 billion at the end of the year, compared with US$55.560 billion in 2010.

Global FDI flows, meanwhile, reached US$1.6 trillion in 2025, according to UNCTAD’s World Investment Report 2026.

UAE investments span both advanced and emerging economies across six continents.

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Across Europe and Asia, UAE investments extend to renewable energy, infrastructure, logistics, technology, industry, real estate, life sciences and healthcare. Europe accounts for 15% of Mubadala’s portfolio and Asia-Pacific for 13%, while Latin America and the Caribbean represent 1%.

The Abu Dhabi Investment Authority’s (ADIA) strategy similarly reflects broad geographic diversification. Its long-term strategic portfolio allocation ranges from 45% to 60% for North America, 15% to 30% for Europe, 10% to 20% for emerging markets and 5% to 10% for developed Asia.

In Africa, UAE investments span sectors including logistics, ports, energy and infrastructure, while investments in Australia and the Pacific include logistics and energy, further demonstrating the global reach of UAE capital.

Ports and logistics provide a prominent example of the international expansion of UAE companies. DP World operates in more than 80 countries through a network of more than 590 business units.

AD Ports Group has also significantly expanded its international footprint. By the end of 2025, the Group operated its own offices in more than 50 countries and had a commercial presence in 158 countries, either directly or through representatives, with 34 ports and terminals in the UAE and internationally.

Officials and experts told the Emirates News Agency (WAM) that the geographic spread of UAE investments, including across Southeast Asia and South and Central America, reflects the country’s growing international investment presence, alongside its continued ability to attract capital from around the world.

Fahad Al Gergawi, Undersecretary of the Ministry of Foreign Trade, said the UAE had built a broad and geographically diversified international investment presence, supported by a clear approach to strengthening cooperation with other countries and developing economic and trade partnerships that open new markets and opportunities for national investments.

He said the UAE’s approach is based on economic openness and creating an enabling environment that allows investors to capitalize on opportunities across different markets.

Al Gergawi noted that UAE investments now extend across South and Central America, Africa and other regions offering favorable investment environments. At the same time, the UAE continues to attract investment from around the world.

He highlighted the strength of UAE investment in Africa, noting that the country had become the largest investor in the continent over the past four years.

Al Gergawi said the UAE’s expanding overseas investment footprint is supported by its network of international economic relationships and Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreements (CEPAs).

He added that CEPAs support two-way investment flows, both into the UAE and from the UAE into partner economies, as the country continues to conclude further agreements.

The UAE, he said, takes a responsible approach to international investment, seeking not only financial returns but also a positive impact on host economies and mutually beneficial outcomes.

Dawood Al Shezawi, Chairman of AIM Global Foundation, said UAE capital had become increasingly sophisticated, diversified and globally distributed, with sovereign wealth funds and family offices establishing long-term strategic positions in markets including Africa, Southeast Asia and Latin America.

He said UAE investors were increasingly acting as partnership builders rather than simply providers of capital, drawing on governance expertise, regulatory knowledge and institutional networks to support cross-border initiatives.

This role, he added, strengthens the UAE’s position as a global investment hub and its growing role in connecting international capital with high-potential markets and opportunities.

Dr. Khaled Hanafy, Secretary-General of the Union of Arab Chambers, said the UAE represents a leading investment model, supported by its ability to develop systems that attract investment from around the world while successfully directing its own capital into Arab and international markets.

He said the UAE had achieved diversification both within its domestic economy and through the geographic spread of its overseas investments, including in distant markets such as South America, making its investment experience a strong model in the sector.

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Many of the most-important events have slipped from our collective memories. But their impacts live on.

RISE Summit 2026: Recharging Momentum in Global Economies

RISE Summit 2026 returns to Dubai on 14 October at the Dubai World Trade Centre, under the theme “Recharging Momentum in Global Economies.” Bringing together 300+ investors, government leaders and developers, the summit will explore global capital, real estate, infrastructure, technology and the future of cities.

Tue, Oct 6, 2026 2 min

RISE Summit 2026 takes place on 14 October 2026 at Dubai World Trade Centre (Hall 5), under the theme “Recharging Momentum in Global Economies”. It is the strategic platform for a top-down view of the global capital and investment landscape, translating shifts in markets, trade and technology into opportunities across infrastructure, cities and real estate, and the future experience economy, from hospitality and education to wellness, longevity and how the world lives. The inaugural one-day event will host 300+ international institutional investors, sovereign funds, government leaders and major developers.

Rather than a conventional real estate event, RISE Summit starts from the macro picture: where global capital is moving, why, and what it means on the ground. Its purpose is to bring decision-makers into one room to align on the forces shaping investment, and to turn those conversations into partnerships, mandates and deals. Every session sits within one of four pillars: Capital, Markets and the Global Order; Trade, Connectivity and Infrastructure; Cities and Real Estate; and Longevity, Living and Experience.

The day opens with an invitation-only breakfast briefing, followed by a Morning Plenary. A series of fireside chats and panels covers where global investment goes next, infrastructure as the true test of a city’s resilience, building intelligent cities at scale, and the new blueprint of luxury living that integrates world-class hospitality into ultra-prime real estate. The plenary also looks at Dubai’s longevity ambition, Abu Dhabi’s next economic horizon, how institutions are navigating a three-speed global economy, geopolitics and energy security, crypto wealth entering real assets, and how Dubai’s regulatory transparency and Strategy 2033 attract institutional capital.

After a networking luncheon, the Afternoon Forum, “Real Estate and the Next Investment Cycle”, goes deeper into where global real estate capital is being redeployed as higher rates, repriced assets and structural change reshape how the world invests in the built environment. Sessions include sovereign wealth fund strategies in premium Class A residential, India’s $1 trillion real estate vision, and the race for data centre, energy and AI capacity. The forum also covers funding the cities of 2040 through infrastructure-led transformation, Asia’s next growth frontier in logistics, data and life sciences, and investment strategies in commercial and industrial real estate. It closes with the next era of destination management across hospitality and entertainment, and a session on how tokenization is rewriting property ownership.

Throughout the day, dedicated networking breaks, a luncheon and a closing evening reception give delegates the opportunity to build relationships and progress discussions directly with the investors, developers and government decision-makers in the room.

Register now.

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Paine Schwartz joins BERO as a new investor as the year-old company seeks to triple sales.

Sharjah recorded 45% growth in FDI projects

Sharjah recorded a 45% increase in foreign direct investment (FDI) projects in 2025, reflecting the emirate’s growing investment appeal and the UAE’s economic competitiveness. Ahead of the ninth Sharjah Investment Forum, Invest in Sharjah CEO Mohamed Juma Al Musharrkh highlighted the UAE’s economic diversification, investor-friendly regulations, talent ecosystem and early positioning in emerging sectors as key drivers of sustainable growth.

Mon, Oct 5, 2026 2 min

Mohamed Juma Al Musharrkh, CEO of the Sharjah FDI Office (Invest in Sharjah), said the 45% growth in foreign direct investment (FDI) projects in the emirate in 2025 reflects the competitiveness of the UAE economy.

Al Musharrkh made the remarks in an interview with the Emirates News Agency (WAM) on key shifts in the global economy and Sharjah’s economic readiness, as the emirate prepares to host the ninth Sharjah Investment Forum, organised in collaboration with the Ministry of Investment on 14th and 15th October at Al Jawaher Reception and Convention Centre.

Held under the theme “Building Adaptive Economies”, the forum will bring together more than 80 speakers, including ministers, investors, entrepreneurs, experts and decision-makers from around the world, to discuss the transformations reshaping the business and investment landscape and ways to build businesses and economies that are better able to adapt to change and achieve sustainable growth.

Al Musharrkh said global changes have made investors more selective about where they invest, with capital increasingly concentrated in fewer countries and sectors. Investors are looking for countries that offer a clear outlook, stability and flexible legislative and regulatory frameworks, he said, noting that these advantages place the UAE among the leading investment destinations.

The CEO of Invest in Sharjah said the UAE economy’s attractiveness rests on four main pillars. The first is economic diversification and the distribution of growth drivers, with non-oil activities accounting for 79.4% of the economy in the first quarter of 2026, led by financial services, construction, healthcare and telecommunications, providing investors with an economy capable of sustaining growth across different cycles.

He added that the second pillar is a legislative ecosystem that keeps pace with the market. The UAE ranks first globally in both Adaptability of Government Policy and Bureaucracy, and fourth in Legal and Regulatory Framework, he said, noting that these rankings reflect investors’ actual experience in setting up, operating and expanding their businesses.

Al Musharrkh identified people as the third pillar, explaining that talent is the foundation of a knowledge economy and that the UAE has made attracting and empowering talent an official policy.

He noted that the country ranks first globally in employment and international experience and second in the creation of firms. The UAE was also the first country in the world to appoint a Minister of State for Artificial Intelligence in 2017, while more than 70% of its working-age population now uses AI, underscoring the role of talent and technology in advancing the entrepreneurship and investment ecosystem.

He said the fourth pillar is early positioning in emerging sectors, with manufacturing and telecommunications leading greenfield investment into the UAE, placing the country in an advanced position as the investment landscape for the coming years takes shape.

Al Musharrkh stressed that, within the UAE model, Sharjah represents an economy with a clear identity built on production and knowledge, guided by the vision of H.H. Sheikh Dr. Sultan bin Mohammed Al Qasimi, Supreme Council Member and Ruler of Sharjah, which places people at the heart of development and provides investors with a stable environment with clear priorities.

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The sports-car maker delivered 279,449 cars last year, down from 310,718 in 2024.

Saudi Arabia estimates fiscal deficit of 3.6% of GDP in 2027

Saudi Arabia projects a SAR 191 billion ($50.9 billion) budget deficit in 2027, equal to 3.6% of GDP, with spending estimated at SAR 1.39 trillion and revenues at SAR 1.20 trillion. The Kingdom also expects real GDP growth to rebound to 12.8% in 2027 after a projected 3.6% contraction in 2026.

Thu, Oct 1, 2026 < 1 min

Saudi Arabia has projected a fiscal deficit equivalent to 191 billion riyals ($50.87 billion) or 3.6% of gross domestic product in 2027, the finance ministry said in a pre-budget statement on Wednesday.

Total expenditure was estimated at 1.39 trillion riyals ($370.21 billion) and revenue projected at 1.20 trillion riyals ($319.61 billion) in 2027, the finance ministry said.

* The ministry estimated the 2026 deficit at 245 billion riyals, exceeding the 165 billion riyals projected in the budget published last year.

* Saudi Arabia forecast real GDP growth of 12.8% in 2027, following an expected decline of 3.6% in 2026.

* The ministry said the expected decline in real GDP in 2026 was due to a projected 21.8% drop in oil activities amid geopolitical developments in the region.

* The Iran war has led to heavy disruptions to energy shipments from the Gulf and in recent weeks Saudi Arabia has faced increasing pressure from the Iran-backed Houthis, who have fired salvos of missiles and drones at the kingdom.

* The ministry said that the 2027 deficit “will be funded through borrowing in accordance with a medium-term debt strategy framework”, with the borrowing plan for the 2027 “disclosed in detail by the end of this year”.

* Saudi Arabia is undertaking a massive economic overhaul known as Vision 2030, aimed at reducing reliance on oil, which requires hundreds of billions of dollars in investment.

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Chris Dixon, a partner who led the charge, says he has a ‘very long-term horizon’

Citi® Token Services Expands Global Footprint into UAE and Japan

Citi expands its Token Services into the UAE and Japan, enabling 24/7 near-instant liquidity movement and cross-border payments. The UAE will support USD and EUR transactions, while Japan will support USD transactions.

Thu, Oct 1, 2026 2 min

Citi today announced the expansion of Citi Token Services into UAE and Japan, advancing our strategy to build a more connected, always-on financial ecosystem for corporate and financial institutional clients. The expansion is the latest milestone in Citi Services’ broader digital assets strategy, which is focused on solving real-world client needs by building bank-grade capabilities that connect traditional financial infrastructure with emerging digital networks.

As global commerce and investment strategies increasingly moves toward a 24/7 real-time environment, Citi continues investing in digital asset solutions designed to reduce fragmentation and enable clients to move liquidity more efficiently across geographies, currencies and networks. Citi Token Services is a core part of this strategy, using tokenized deposits and blockchain technology to enable programmable, near-instantaneous movement of liquidity while leveraging the robust security, resilience and global reach of Citi.

The expansion into UAE and Japan further extends these capabilities across Citi’s global network, with Japan supporting USD transactions and UAE supporting both USD and Euro transactions. Citi Token Services continues to process billions of dollars in transactions.

Leveraging a private-permissioned blockchain, the solution enables clients to move funds near instantly across Citi’s global network, supporting more efficient liquidity and collateral management and cross-border payments. By expanding additional regions and currencies, Citi continues to provide clients with always-on liquidity and payment capabilities that help overcome banking cut-off times and time zone limitations. Citi Token Services is live in the United States, Ireland, Hong Kong, Singapore, the United Kingdom, UAE, and Japan.

“Expanding Citi Token Services into the UAE and Japan is an important milestone in scaling the network and bringing 24/7 liquidity solutions to more of the markets where our clients operate,” said Stephen Randall, Global Head of Liquidity Management Services. “These are significant financial centers with substantial cross-border flows and connecting them to Citi Token Services gives clients greater optionality to move and manage liquidity across regions and currencies in real-time.”

Together with Citi’s broader investments in 24/7 USD Clearing and connectivity with emerging multi-bank tokenized networks, the expansions advance the ambition of Citi to deliver increasingly interoperable, multi-currency solutions across liquidity management and payments.

The Middle East is one of the world’s fastest growing real-time payments economies, making the UAE a strategic market for the expansion of Citi Token Services. As a major financial hub and gateway for trade and investment across the Middle East, Africa and South Asia, UAE supports significant cross-border flows and a growing base of multinational treasury operations.

“Expanding Citi Token Services into the UAE with USD and Euro capabilities enables clients to manage cross-currency liquidity 24/7, which is key to connecting the local ambitions of our corporate and financial institutional clients with their global expansion,” said Rizwan Shaikh, Head Services for Middle East & Africa. “This positions Citi to deepen relationships and optimize liquidity in and out of the region.”

As the world’s fourth largest economy, and a significant global liquidity center, Japan is a strategically important market for Citi, with substantial cross-border flows driven by multinational corporations and financial institutions.

“The expansion of Citi Token Services into Japan connects clients in the market to Citi’s growing 24/7 payments, collateral and liquidity solutions, enabling USD transactions to move in and out of Japan in real time and helping corporate and financial institutional treasurers put capital to work more efficiently,” said Kanika Thakur, Head of Services for Japan, Asia North and Australia.

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Americans now think they need at least $1.25 million for retirement, a 20% increase from a year ago, according to a survey by Northwestern Mutual

Saudi SME lender erad secures $22mln from investors

Saudi-based fintech erad has raised $22 million from investors including MEVP and SVC to expand its SME financing business. The AI-powered lender says it has deployed more than SAR 500 million ($133 million) in financing, with approvals within 48 hours.

Tue, Sep 29, 2026 < 1 min

Saudi Arabia-based erad, an SME lender, has secured $22 million from various investors to scale its financing business.

The fintech startup raised the funds from Middle East Venture Partners (MEVP), the lead investor, and from SVC, 500 Global, S60 Ventures, ANB Capital, Conjunction Capital and Araya Ventures.

Also backing the funding are existing investors that include Khwarizmi, Nuwa Capital, Aljazira Capital, Oraseya Capital and Joa Capital.

Erad helps small and medium-sized enterprises raise working capital. It leverages artificial intelligence to evaluate clients and approve funding within 48 hours.

The company has deployed more than SAR 500 million ($133 million) worth of financing to businesses.

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Interior designer Thomas Hamel on where it goes wrong in so many homes.

UAE investors increase confidence as geopolitical concerns ease

UAE retail investor confidence is rising as geopolitical concerns ease, with 82% expecting local stocks to gain over the next year and 71% planning to invest more.

Mon, Sep 28, 2026 3 min

UAE retail investors are becoming increasingly bullish on their home market despite six months of geopolitical uncertainty, according to etoro’s latest UAE Retail Investor Beat, a survey of 1,000 retail investors residing in the UAE.

More than eight in ten (82%) now expect the UAE stock market to rise over the next 12 months, up from 76% in March and the highest level recorded since the question was first asked in November 2024.

The optimism is supported by strong confidence in the domestic listed companies. 93% of retail investors are confident in the long-term performance of locally listed UAE companies, up from 90% in March. Similarly, confidence in the UAE’s economy rose from 90% to 91%.

UAE retail investors are also bullish on the wider region, with more than half (58%) expecting the Middle East to deliver the strongest returns over the long term, ahead of other regions such as the US (47%) and China (35%).

This confidence is translating into investment decisions. Among retail investors adjusting their portfolios in response to geopolitical tensions in the Middle East, the proportion reducing exposure to UAE equities has fallen to 14% from 25% in March. Despite elevated global interest rates, 71% of UAE retail investors plan to invest more over the next 12 months, while a further 21% do not intend to change their investing plans.

Nagham Hassan, Market Analyst at etoro, commented on the findings: “The past six months have been a real test for markets, but UAE retail investors have not lost sight of the bigger picture, which is that the companies themselves kept performing. Two quarters of earnings confirmed it. Most listed companies kept growing through the period, and the ones that were hurt were the ones with direct exposure to the conflict and the disruption around it.”

Geopolitical concerns start to moderate

The rising confidence in the local market comes as worries about geopolitics start to ease. The proportion of UAE retail investors who believe geopolitical tensions will “definitely” have a significant impact on their investment portfolio in the next six months has fallen from 38% in March to 30%. Meanwhile, those expecting little or no significant impact has risen from 18% to 25%.

However, lower concern has not translated into complacency. Almost half (49%) now identify long-term security as one of their primary investment goals, up sharply from 34% in March.

Retail investors are also becoming more selective about where they see opportunities in the UAE market. Optimism towards real estate has risen to 58% from 54%, while technology remains broadly stable at 49%, compared with 48% in March. By contrast, the proportion who are optimistic about energy has declined from 42% to 35%, while for financial services this has fallen from 37% to 33%.

Nagham Hassan adds: “Retail investors here stayed engaged throughout 2026. Risk has not gone away, but the response to it has changed. After the first sell-off when the conflict started, the market absorbed the shock, and while it has not returned to pre-conflict levels, investors stopped selling broadly and instead started rotating out of the companies directly in the line of the disruption, and into the ones better cushioned from it. The pull toward real estate makes sense in that context, and the lighter positioning in energy and financial services points the same way, because a resolution brings oil down and eases inflation with it.”

“It’s important to remember the sell-off came from the conflict, not from the companies, and a move driven by conflict reverses when the conflict does. It cut both ways too. The market fell a long way from February highs, but that gave anyone who missed the December 2025 rally an entry point. Investors know conflicts do not last forever, and they weigh fundamentals over headlines.”

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Following the devastation of recent flooding, experts are urging government intervention to drive the cessation of building in areas at risk.

Sharjah Islamic Bank issues $500mln sukuk amid strong investor demand

Sharjah Islamic Bank raised US$500 million through a five-year Sukuk, attracting US$1.3 billion in orders—2.6 times the issue size.

Mon, Sep 28, 2026 < 1 min

Sharjah Islamic Bank (SIB) has successfully issued a US$500 million five-year Sukuk amid strong investor demand.

The issuance attracted an order book of US$1.3 billion, representing 2.6 times the issue size.

The Sukuk was priced at a final yield of 5.85 percent, equivalent to a spread of 105 bps over five-year US Treasuries, marking SIB’s thirteenth Sukuk issuance since it entered the capital markets in 2006, reaffirming its continued presence in international Sukuk markets and its experience in executing successful issuances across different market cycles.

Mohamed Abdalla, CEO of Sharjah Islamic Bank, said the successful issuance reflects investor confidence in the bank’s financial performance and long-term strategy.

He noted that capital market activities are a key component of SIB’s funding strategy, supporting its financing plans and strengthening its ability to achieve sustainable growth.

“We continue to build on SIB’s presence in international capital markets, supported by solid financial fundamentals and a disciplined approach to balance sheet and liquidity management. This strengthens our ability to achieve sustainable growth and maintain our position as a trusted issuer in international Sukuk markets,” he added.

Ahmed Saad, Deputy CEO of Sharjah Islamic Bank, said the US$1.3 billion order book, representing 2.6 times the issue size, reflects strong investor demand for the issuance and confirms investors’ confidence in the bank and its ability to execute successful issuances in international capital markets.

He added that the successful issuance strengthens the bank’s flexibility in managing its funding needs and diversifying its sources of liquidity, supporting its long-term growth plans.

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The Victorian capital’s top-grossing transactions.

Dubai and Abu Dhabi’s Global Financial Rankings Reinforce UAE Investment Appeal

Dubai ranked ninth and Abu Dhabi 13th in the September 2026 Global Financial Centres Index, placing them first and second in the Middle East and Africa. The rankings reflect the UAE’s investment in infrastructure, regulation and talent.

Thu, Sep 24, 2026 2 min

Dubai and Abu Dhabi’s positions among the world’s leading financial centres reflect the UAE’s long-term investment in infrastructure, regulation and talent, according to Nagham Hassan, MENA Market Analyst at etoro.

The September 2026 edition of the Global Financial Centres Index places Dubai ninth globally and Abu Dhabi thirteenth, with the two cities ranking first and second respectively in the Middle East and Africa. Abu Dhabi climbed eight places, while Dubai retained its position among the world’s top ten financial centres.

“These rankings reflect years of work to make the UAE an attractive place for financial institutions to operate, invest and recruit,” said Hassan. “Having two cities among the world’s leading financial centers strengthens the country’s ability to attract international business and supports growth across the wider economy.”

Dubai retains its global standing

Dubai’s ninth-place ranking puts it among leading international financial centres including New York, London, Hong Kong and Singapore. Although the city slipped two positions from seventh, its underlying score improved, indicating stronger competition among the leading centers.

“Dubai’s lower position should be viewed alongside the improvement in its score,” Hassan said. “Other centres have advanced faster, but Dubai continues to strengthen its offering. Its established infrastructure, international talent pool and financial services sector remain important advantages.”

Abu Dhabi’s rise reflects growing institutional presence

Abu Dhabi’s eight-place rise comes as international asset managers continue to establish and expand operations in the emirate.

ADGM reported a 54% year-on-year increase in assets under management in the first half of 2026. Major financial firms establishing, launching or expanding their presence during the period included Bain Capital, Barings, Hillhouse Investment, Rokos Capital Management and Man Group.

“The growing presence of international fund managers shows how global institutions view Abu Dhabi’s long-term potential,” Hassan said. “These firms bring expertise, capital and business activity, helping to deepen the financial sector and create opportunities beyond it.”

Long-term growth prospects remain in focus

According to Hassan, the UAE’s progress reflects sustained investment in infrastructure, regulatory frameworks that support financial businesses, and visa and residency options that help attract investors and skilled professionals.

The benefits extend beyond financial services. As institutions establish offices and expand their teams, they can support employment, demand for commercial and residential property, and activity across professional services.

Regional geopolitical uncertainty remains a significant influence on near-term market sentiment. However, Hassan noted that the continued expansion of international financial institutions points to confidence in the UAE’s longer-term position.

“Short-term market sentiment remains sensitive to developments in the region, but institutions make expansion decisions over a much longer horizon,” Hassan added. “If geopolitical tensions ease, the UAE’s growing financial sector and ability to attract international business could provide further support for investor confidence and local markets.”

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An influx of people could calm future volatility.

Oman GDP to record 3.5% growth in 2026 and 2027

Standard Chartered forecasts Oman’s GDP to grow 3.5% in both 2026 and 2027, supported by resilient non-oil activity, hydrocarbon production and investment in logistics and manufacturing. The Bank also expects the country’s fiscal and external positions to strengthen.

Thu, Sep 24, 2026 2 min

Standard Chartered forecasts Oman’s GDP growth to reach 3.5% in both 2026 and 2027, supported by resilient non-oil activity and a positive contribution from hydrocarbon production. The Bank expects non-oil growth to remain robust, underpinned by logistics, manufacturing and continued public investment linked to Oman Vision 2040. 

The outlook is reinforced by a significant improvement in Oman’s fiscal and external positions. Standard Chartered has raised its fiscal surplus forecast to 4.6% of GDP in 2026 and 3.6% in 2027, from 0.5% and 1.0% respectively. Public debt is expected to decline towards around 33% of GDP by end-2026 and 31% by end-2027, while the current-account surplus is forecast at 5.0% of GDP in 2026 and 3.4% in 2027, compared with previous forecasts of 1.0% and 1.5%. 

Hussain Al Yafai, Chief Executive Officer and Head of Coverage, Standard Chartered Oman, said: “Oman is entering the next phase of its development from a stronger economic position. Sustained non-oil growth alongside improving fiscal and external balances provides a firmer foundation for continued investment in the sectors that will shape the Sultanate’s next phase of diversification. The opportunity is to convert this resilience into broader and more durable growth as Oman advances the ambitions of Vision 2040.”

That stronger domestic position is complemented by an emerging external opportunity. As international investors reassess regional supply chains and seek more secure trade routes, Oman’s geographical location, neutral diplomatic position and relatively low exposure to direct conflict spillover are expected to reinforce the strategic value of its ports, industrial zones and logistics infrastructure. Standard Chartered expects investment momentum to strengthen across logistics, manufacturing, re-export activity and energy-linked infrastructure. 

Al Yafi added: “As companies rethink supply chains and trade routes, Oman’s advantage is increasingly about connectivity as well as resilience. Its ports, industrial zones and logistics infrastructure serve as a strong platform to capture greater trade and investment activity and strengthen its links with regional and global markets. This can support the continued expansion of the non-oil economy while reinforcing Oman’s position as an increasingly important destination for long-term investment.”

Oman’s improving macroeconomic position and strategic connectivity therefore reinforce one another. Continued progress in the non-oil economy, together with investment in logistics, manufacturing and energy-linked infrastructure, positions the Sultanate to sustain growth while capturing opportunities created by evolving regional trade and investment flows.

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Sydney city skyline with inner suburbs of Glebe and Pyrmont, Australia, aerial photography

Predicted increases in value signals strength in local property market.

Qatar raises $3bln from dual-tranche debt issuance, books at $6.4bln

Qatar raised $3 billion through its first public debt offering of 2026, with the dual-tranche bond attracting $6.4 billion in orders.

Tue, Sep 22, 2026 < 1 min

The State of Qatar raised $3 billion through its first public debt offering of the year with the dual-tranche senior unsecured issuance drawing a combined $6.4 billion orderbook.

The $1 billion five-year tranche drew a coupon of 5.25%, with a reoffer price of 99.437 and yield of 5.38%. The spread was tightened to plus 55bp over US Treasuries from IPTs in the +85bp area.

The $2 billion 10-year tranche also drew a tight spread at T+65bp from IPTs in the UST +95bp area, with a coupon of 5.375%. The reoffer price was set at 98.197, with a yield of 5.613%.

The final book on the five-year was in excess of $2.4 billion (excluding JLM interest), with the 10-year drawing $4 billion (excluding JLM).

HSBC was named the billing and delivery bank on the five-year tranche, with Standard Chartered Bank doing the same on the 10-year issuance.

The bonds carry a settlement date of September 28, 2026, and will be issued under Qatar’s Global Medium Term Note Programme. A listing on the London Stock Exchange (Main Market) will follow.

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5 MOST EXPENSIVE PROPERTIES OF 2021

The largest single-dwelling sales of the calendar year.

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